Not Either an Experimental Doll

Ryan Shellady Professor Mtisi Paideia October 31st, 2012 Placing Fault: A Look at Determining Who is to Blame for Lily Moya’s Downfall in Not Either an Experimental Doll The Separate Worlds of Three South African Women In today’s Western culture, it is difficult to envision a world without training. Grown-ups and youngsters the same view instruction as a typical practice that is fundamental to regular day to day existence. For Lily Moya, this isn't the situation. In Not Either an Experimental Doll, altered by Shula Marks, letters of correspondence uncover a connection between Dr.Mabel Palmer, a notable European supporter of dark instruction, and Lily Moya, a young lady experiencing childhood in politically-sanctioned racial segregation South Africa. Lily keeps in touch with Palmer mentioning acknowledgment into a school. Due to Lily’s diverting composing style, Palmer feels an association with her. Thus, Palmer chooses to figure out how to finance Lily’s i nstruction. All through the letters, Lily insinuates this thought she wants an increasingly close kinship with Palmer; nonetheless, Palmer proceeds to decisively express that the relationship Lily looks for is impossible.In the finish of the correspondence, Dr. Palmer discharges her sponsorship from Lily’s training which implies Lily can no longer go to class. For these two reasons, a few pundits will contend that Palmer is to be faulted for Lily’s mental breakdown toward the finish of the book. These individuals are mixed up; Mabel Palmer’s activities are not to fault for what befalls Lily. Issue lies in the contrasting societies among Lily and Palmer, and in Lily’s determination, egocentrism, and her failure to follow straightforward instructions.It is anything but difficult to derive that there are inescapable contrasts in culture between an European lady in her seventies and a fifteen-year-old African young lady living in politically-sanctioned racial segregation controlled South Africa. In the presentation of the book, supervisor and master in the field of South African examinations Shula Marks expresses that the social contrasts among Lily and Dr. Palmer make for a troublesome comprehension of correspondence manners. As anyone might expect, the universe of the bustling scholastic was remote from the worries of a desolate and competitor fifteen-year-old in Umtata.For Lily, despite everything living in a world in which setback was clarified as far as individual underhandedness and black magic, Mabel’s inability to answer must be the aftereffect of the detestable direction of her consultants (Marks 18). Lily has been brought up in a spot where the scholarly community isn't conspicuous. To comprehend why Dr. Palmer didn’t answer quickly and rapidly to each of Lily’s letters, Lily would need to see all the work Dr. Palmer’s occupation involves. Lily would need to understand that individuals are in some c ases basically too occupied to even think about writing; in any case, as Marks notes, Dr.Palmer’s inability to answer was likely disclosed to Lily as far as â€Å"individual evil. † Later in a similar passage of the presentation, Marks proceeds to portray Palmer’s perspective. For Mabel, Lily’s exceptional if youthful strict experience was to show up as ‘religiosity’ and ‘self-righteous’, while she experienced issues recalling whether her ‘protegee’ was an Anglican or a Catholic, and had no clue about that she was Xhosa, not Zulu (Marks 18). Palmer is under the feeling that she comprehends Lily’s foundation, yet Marks uncovered Palmer’s numbness of Lily’s culture.This absence of information prompts poor correspondence among Lily and Palmer. In any case, Palmer endeavors to decrease her numbness by requesting that Lily compose a paper, â€Å"The Life of a Native Girl in a Native Reserve† (M arks 87). In this paper, Palmer requests that Lily detail exercises, issues, and day by day schedules experienced by a young lady living in Lily’s society. Because of this endeavor, Palmer’s inability to grasp Lily’s desires can be pardoned. Palmer attempts to see Lily and her experience, yet Lily can't impart any data in return.In the more noteworthy plan, neither Lily nor Palmer is to be faulted for social changes. The main thing to blame in this specific case is that the two experienced childhood in totally various conditions. Situation isn't exclusively to fault, in any case. In different cases, Lily’s individual issues are additionally to fault. The first of Lily’s singular shortcomings that lead to her destruction is willfulness; it assumes a huge job in why Palmer has such a troublesome time managing Lily. On various events through the correspondence, Lily endeavors to regard Palmer just as both of them are close, private friends.Lily even g oes similar to stating to Palmer, â€Å"I trust you remain for quite a long time, with me† (Marks 113). On the off chance that this isn't pressure enough, Lily goes on to blame Palmer by announcing, â€Å"You can't disregard me in this savage world† (Marks 113). At the point when confronted with these comments, she expected to address Lily’s attitude toward their relationship to ensure Lily comprehended that their communication needed to stay proficient. You state that one of your explanations behind wishing to be in Durban is that you need to see a greater amount of me, however have you at any point asked yourself whether I wish do see a greater amount of you?As an obvious truth I don't. Your sentimental and conceited creative mind has developed for you an image where you are to be my given and personal companion. Presently you should excuse me for saying this is all jabber. Regardless of whether you were an European young lady of your age it would in any case be drivel (Marks 136). Palmer makes it extremely evident that Lily’s affections for her are basically not responded. Palmer says she doesn't wish to see Lily, and that Lily’s view of their association is simply â€Å"nonsense†. Pundits will contend that Palmer’s tone here is too forceful though.They’ll contend that Palmer ought to have foreseen that her words would hurt Lily profoundly. They’ll back up their attestations with citations like the accompanying where Lily hops to exceptional decisions about Palmer not reacting quickly enough. â€Å"Your quietness dazzles me harshly, in so much that tolerance comes up short me† (Marks 87). â€Å"I’m truly stressed at this point. It is quite a while I have been hanging tight for yours [letter]† (Marks 91). One may guarantee that Lily shows incredible affectability and tension as a result of Palmer.These pundits along these lines contend that in the event that hanging tight for a reaction from Palmer causes Lily this much trouble, at that point it ought to be evident to Palmer that basic words would cause Lily more regrettable distress and anguish. These pundits aren't right for two reasons. In the first place, Lily despite everything proceeds to address Palmer on January 28th, February sixth, and again on February sixteenth of 1951 (Marks 143-145). These dates are after Palmer’s direct note from page 136 referenced already. Lily didn't get a letter from Palmer between these three instances.It is reasonable for state that Palmer’s inconvenience is advocated when she as of late requested that Lily regard limits. Furthermore, the statements these pundits may utilize don't show that Lily is delicate; rather they show that Lily is anxious and hard-headed. Lily continues keeping in touch with Palmer so Palmer doesn't disregard her guarantee to assist Lily with getting into school. Lily really helps Palmer to remember this guarantee. â€Å"So, ki ndly remember your guarantee that you would send me to class to finish the Matriculation Course† (Marks 94).Because Palmer doesn't compose back rapidly, Lily is stressed that she isn’t getting her direction, and obstinately works another letter out of fretfulness. Lily’s willfulness to both get her path and to make a companionship that is more profound than an expert level shows a character defect that positively prompts her destruction. Lily can't acknowledge anything short of her own desires; when she is confronted with a mistake, she spirals into a downturn. Determination isn't the main character defect prompting Lily’s defeat however. At the point when Palmer tends to Lily about their relationship, she takes note of that Lily is â€Å"self-centered†.Lily’s egocentrism is one more characteristic that at last prompts her breakdown. Palmer is right when she expresses that Lily composes amusingly when it is about herself. â€Å"Looking back over my correspondence with you I understand that you possibly compose strikingly and amusingly when you are expounding on yourself† (Marks 138). For instance, in Lily’s letter composed on the 26th of January, 1949, the tone she utilizes in her composing has an arguing, asking feel since it is one Lily is writing to encourage her own endeavor at finding an education.Kindly identify with me, a defenseless vagrant, I beseech you †¦ I can be happy on the off chance that you answer me at your soonest conceivable and satisfy I implore you do feel for. You can just show your compassion by taking me to a school where I will work with my level best my school work, and, I’m sure I’ll please you in any capacity in my character (Marks 59). For being an understudy with so little instruction, Lily truly shows artfulness in her composing capacity. Her utilization of portrayal in the â€Å"helpless orphan† bit pulls at Palmer’s heartstrings. Lily is ev en savvy enough to realize that tone and word decision an influence a person’s ethos, yet like Palmer says, Lily just uses this for individual addition. Palmer, nonetheless, isn't the main individual that sees Lily’s egocentrism. Palmer noticed that one of Lily’s guardians likewise feels that Lily centers around self to an extreme. â€Å"†¦I comprehend Mrs Bomback believes that she [Lily] is now disposed to have a favorable opinion of herself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Marks 128). Lily’s narcissistic character is obviously not seen by Palmer alone. This egocentrism drives Lily to see just her own needs in Palmer. At the point when Palmer denies her subsidizing, Lily considers it to be an incredible individual loss.This is one more issue driving Lily to her psychological breakdown toward the finish of the correspondenc

Analyse how national & local guidelines Essay

National enactment and direction impact the advancement of nearby arrangements and systems that influence each day work with youngsters and youngsters. Approaches must cover the security all things considered and youngsters younger than 18 and the substance of the strategy must be explored every year. The LSCB (Local defending kids board) is answerable for guaranteeing that all offices and offices that work with youngsters and youngsters in the Borough, work in solidarity to help the government assistance and security of kids here. To guarantee that work is done in a viable way the LSCB facilitate crafted by neighborhood organizations to give a progressively hopeful result concerning children’s protecting. Red scaffold works in accordance with the Every Child Matters program which expresses that every youngster has an option to: Be solid Remain safe Appreciate and accomplish Make a positive commitment Accomplish monetary prosperity Inside childcare practice we should know that we have an unmistakable and characterized job comparable to kid insurance. Experts working with kids/youngsters for example showing colleagues, volunteers, outside organizations are DBS checked (Disclosure and excepting administration) recently known as CRB checks. Grown-ups working with kids ought to likewise be completely prepared in shielding kids by an assigned defending guide and have the chance to get preparing so as to build up their comprehension of the signs and pointers of misuse or disregard, this preparation is offered at regular intervals. All together for kid insurance to work adequately we should guarantee we have great bury associations with different organizations and great participation from experts that are skillful in reacting to kid assurance circumstances. On the off chance that a youngster uncovers data that worries his/her government assistance; we should make a record of precisely what the kid has said in their words and report it to a shielding official, guaranteeing that these records are kept secretly and isolated from students records. Direction on secrecy and sharing; the line supervisor/head instructor or protecting official will just uncover individual data concerning a kid to different individuals from staff on a need to know premise, anyway all staff must know that they have an obligation to impart data to different offices. On the off chance that a youngster or youngster discloses data to an individual from staff and ask that that data remains ‘a secret’, it is indispensable that the individual from staff tells the kid/youngster delicately that they have an obligation to move data to the proper organizations all together for other kids to be protected. Hazard appraisals are urgent to any setting and ought to be completed normally to guarantee that there is no defending dangers to the youngsters.

7 Email Templates for Your Next Job Application (Loved by Hiring Managers)

7 Email Templates for Your Next Job Application (Loved by Hiring Managers) Applying for a job can be a difficult and daunting task for anybody, especially for those who are young and have just graduated. If you have just started looking for your first full-time job, then chances are you are very unfamiliar with the entire job hunting landscape.You need to conduct plenty of research to craft the perfect tailored resume and cover letter fitting the job and the company. That is already hard enough. Now, you need to email these documents to the organization you are applying to. However, that is easier said than done. Many applicants put so much time and effort in their cover letters and resumes, but neglect to do the same with their emails.Nobody uses snail mail any longer to send in their job applications; email is the de facto standard of sending job applications. You need to be able to write the perfectly structured and formatted email that will be well received by hiring managers.Hiring managers receive a ton of email every day and see a wide spectrum of jo b emails. Many job application emails are so poorly written that hiring managers do not even bother opening any of the attachments! You need to stick to a professional style that recruiters love. How do you make your email stand out from the crowd? © Shutterstock.com | blossomstarWe are here to help you answer that question. We are providing you with some tips and, more importantly, email templates you can use to write your own job application email. Young graduates will benefit immensely from this article because they will learn so many tips to help them create an amazing job application email.In addition, experienced professionals who are now looking for a new job will learn a thing or two about job application emails, something that was not frequently used in the late 20th century. If you want your email to be read and loved by recruiters, then keep on reading.JOB APPLICATION EMAIL TIPSBefore we present the various email templates we have prepared for you for your next job application, we want to lay out some things you should definitely do to make your email excellent. If you follow these tips, your email will definitely be positively received.Use a Professional Email AddressIf there is one thing you take away from this ar ticle, it is that you need to ensure you have a professional email address. Do not send your job applications from an email address you made as a child or as a teenager. While it may have been cool to use a fun email address when you were younger, that will never viewed in a positive light by recruiters.You are now an adult so you need a correspondingly professional email address. Try to use your first name and last name in your email address. For example, john.clarke@gmail.com or sandra.meyers@yahoo.com are very professional email addresses.When hiring managers see a job application from an email that is professional, they can actually take you seriously. Otherwise, they will not.Be Focused and BriefMake sure to keep your job application email brief and get to the point quickly. The very first sentence in the first paragraph in the body of your letter should state your intentions clearly.As a result, recruiters will understand from the get-go what the email is all about. They will respect the fact that you mean business when you keep it short and simple. All of your details are in your cover letter; it is not necessary to say much in your email. State what you have enclosed, and show appreciation for considering your application. It is not necessary to go beyond this. One thing that you can mention is your work experience, but even that should be brief and pertinent.In case an employee at the company referred you, make a note of this in the email. You should have definitely mentioned this in your cover letter, but something as important as a reference should also be stated in the email. The earlier, the better. It adds more weight to your application.Write an Informative Subject LineThe email subject line should include your name and the position you are applying to. This is perhaps the most overlooked portion of an email, especially one for a job application. Before even opening an email, recruiters will read the subject line. If it is irrelevant, they will not open it.Ensure that it is relevant by stating the position, mentioning your name, and expressing that it is a job application. Recruiters receive a copious amount emails daily, so make sure your subject line is informative and gets to the point. In case your job post has a reference number or code of some kind, include this in the subject line. This will make it even easier for recruiters to associate your application with a particular job post.Some more tips on writing an email where you get a fast response. Use Only a Formal Greeting and ClosingAn email for a job application should be professional. This is not the place to be casual and friendly. If you write it in a very casual manner, it will come across as being an amateur and disrespectful. Using the appropriate formal greetings and closings will convey a sense of professionalism and respect to hiring managers.Never start your email with “Hi” or “Hello.” That is reserved for people who you know. You do not know you r hiring manager on a personal level. Never address them by their first name. Again, you should be respectful and address them by their last name. The safest and most professional manner of addressing hiring managers in a job application email is “Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name.” This salutation is very formal, something recruiters love to see.Likewise, your closing to your email should be equally formal and professional. Do not end it with “Best Wishes” or “Cheers.” These are far too casual for a professional email that could decide whether you get the job. You require a closing more formal. “Regards” or “Sincerely” are the best closing remarks for a professional email.Include a Professional Electronic SignatureWhen jobseekers would send hiring managers paper letters in the past, they signed their letters just below the closing remark. You cannot do this in an email.However, you can still add an electronic signature that is far more elaborate than a regular signature. A signature is simply a stylized version of your name or initials. An electronic signature consists of many elements that make it very similar to your address that would put in the header section of a letter.The following should be included in any electronic signature:Your NameYour AddressYour EmailYour Phone NumberAlways include your electronic signature according to the format written above. It goes at the very end of your email. An electronic signature contains various means of contacting you. This makes it very easy for hiring managers to contact you if you have left a good impression on them. This is the de facto standard for all professional emails, especially for job application emails.Always Add Relevant AttachmentsYour job application email is only significant if it contains the documents to support your candidacy. State in your email that you have enclosed your resume, cover letter, and any other necessary documents that are required for the position.Double check that you a ctually attached them. Sometimes, applicants forget to actually attach these documents in an email and when a hiring manager cannot find them, they do not bother to consider the email any longer. Make sure that you attach these files, because they will ultimately determine if you are indeed eligible for an interview.JOB APPLICATION EMAIL TEMPLATESNow that you know what to include in your email and how to write it, you can view the templates for job applications. We are presenting several types of templates you can use to convince your recruiter to take your seriously. All of these templates have been proven to be effective at winning over hiring managers. Emails are a science, and we have cracked the code to make it successful for you.We must state that your job application email is by no means a cover letter. It does not substitute the contents of your cover letter or your resume. There is no need to repeat all of those contents in the body of your email. This email should only suc cinctly highlight your intention to work at a particular company.Unlike a cover letter, business letter, or any other physical letter, an email does NOT require a header that contains your address and the company’s address. Those are reserved for physical letters, not electronic ones. An email is structured slightly differently than a regular letter, as you will see below.Template 1 â€" For Young and Fresh GraduatesIf you have just graduated, or about to graduate very soon, then you need to make this statement in your job application email. This template is made just for you, to help you get started on your career.Subject: Name of Applicant â€" Name of Position, Job Reference NumberDear Mr./Ms. Last Name,  I came across a very exciting position on your job portal that I believe fits me perfectly. I am interested in applying for the position of Development Engineer (Job Reference Number A123) at Sony Electronics. After reading the job description and requirements and matching it wi th my own experiences, I know that I would be a valuable asset to your organization.  I recently graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas. I now want to apply my skills in a multinational company like Sony. As a development engineer, I can implement engineering concepts to design innovative and ingenious products for consumers.I have attached a cover letter, resume, and certificates for your consideration. Please take a moment to go through them to get a better picture of who I am.I would love to talk to you in more detail regarding this amazing opportunity at your company. It would give me great pleasure to hear back from you regarding my application.  Sincerely,Your NameYour AddressYour Phone NumberYour Email AddressTemplate 2 â€" For Experienced ProfessionalsIf you have been working for a number of years already and are on the lookout for a new job at another company in your industry, then this email template is made for you. Your experience here is very important and should be emphasized in your email.Subject: Name of Applicant â€" Name of Position, Job Reference NumberDear Mr./Ms. Last Name,  I have 4 years of experience as a Software Developer at my previous company. I came across an interesting position of Software Tester (Job Reference Number 9467) on your website. Company XYZ is renowned for testing all kinds of software and applications before they are released. As I know how they were programmed, I would be able to quickly detect all bugs and errors that need to be rectified. My skillset and expertise makes me a valuable asset to your organization.After graduating with a degree in Computer Science, I worked at Company ABC as a software developer for 4 years. I designed and programmed engineering software that students use in academia. I now want to challenge myself in a new environment and your company offers just that.I have attached a cover letter, resume, and certificates for your conside ration. Please take a moment to go through them to get a better idea of who I am.I would love to talk to you in more detail regarding this amazing opportunity at your company. I look forward to hearing back from you regarding my application.  Sincerely,Your NameYour AddressYour Phone NumberYour Email AddressTemplate 3 â€" Having an Internal ContactSometimes, the best way to get a job is to be referred by your friend who works at a company or by someone else you may have met who also works there. In these scenarios, it is best to include this information in your email. This will make your application stand out.Subject: Name of Applicant â€" Name of Position, Job Reference NumberDear Mr./Ms. Last Name,  My friend Sandra Cooper, who is a Chemical Engineer at your company, recommended me to apply to this company for the position of Junior Chemical Engineer (Job Reference Number N364). I have a deep interest in chemistry and I want to take Bio Corp to next level with my diligence and re silience in the lab. Since I studied alongside Sandra in school, she knows my potential very well so when you hire when, you will be getting a great professional who can deliver results.  I recently graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Sydney. I now want to apply my skills in a world-renowned chemical engineering firm like Bio Corp. I enjoy conducting tests in a laboratory and I am very familiar with the chemicals you are working with.I have attached a cover letter, resume, and certificates for your consideration. Please take a moment to go through them to get a better picture of who I am.I would like to have the chance to personally talk to you regarding this amazing opportunity at your company. I hope to hear back from you regarding my application.  Sincerely,Your NameYour AddressYour Phone NumberYour Email AddressTemplate 4 â€" A Shift in Careers or IndustriesIf you are an experienced worker, the prospect of shifting careers or even entering an entirely different industry may have crossed your mind. You are looking for an exciting new challenge, and pursuing a new career track could give you what you are looking for.In these situations, your email should reflect your interests and the things you can bring to a company. Leverage your experiences to make this happen.Subject: Name of Applicant â€" Name of Position, Job Reference NumberDear Mr./Ms. Last Name,  I have 8 years of experience as a marketing consultant and now I am looking for a new challenge. Your company specializes in digital marketing, something that I have been learning every week for the past several years and have applied a lot this past year. I want to apply for the position of SMM Specialist (Job Reference Code KM52) at your company because I know a lot about social networks. You will be getting a great professional who can deliver exception results if you hire me.  I have worked with some the biggest Fortune 500 organizations, helping them design their ad campaigns when they were launching new products and services. I now want to apply my skills in an online world. I know that online marketing is the future and I can take your company to a higher level with my expertise and contacts.I have attached a cover letter, resume, and recommendation letters for your consideration. Please take a moment to go through them to get a better idea of my credentials and experiences.I would like to have the chance to personally talk to you regarding this amazing opportunity at your company. I hope to hear back from you regarding my application.  Sincerely,Your NameYour AddressYour Phone NumberYour Email AddressTemplate 5 â€" Following Up After a Personal ConversationMany jobseekers attend job fairs to get in touch with companies personally and speak with recruiters to get a better understanding of job prospects. Sometimes, a jobseeker leaves a very good impression on a recruiter and the recruiter offers their business card to the m. This is your perfect opportunity to apply to the company for your desired position.Subject: Name of Applicant â€" Name of Position, Job Reference NumberDear Mr./Ms. Last Name,  We spoke yesterday at the IT job fair in downtown San Francisco. We had an engaging conversation regarding your company’s activities and I described how my goals align with those of your company. You even handed me your business card at the end of our conversation. I did some further research on your company and the positions available. The one that stood out to me is the one you actually suggested me to apply to â€" robotics programmer.As a quick reminder, I recently graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechatronics Engineering from the University of Cambridge. I now want to apply my skills in electronics and mechanics at a robotics company. As a robotics programmer, I can implement engineering concepts to design innovative and ingenious robots and electrical machines.I have attached a cover l etter, resume, and certificates for your consideration. Please take a moment to go through them.I would love to talk to you again to discuss more about career opportunities at your company. It would give me great pleasure to hear back from you regarding my application.  Sincerely,Your NameYour AddressYour Phone NumberYour Email AddressTemplate 6 â€" Applying After Contacting on Social MediaWith the advent of LinkedIn, the entire landscape of job hunting has radically changed. You can now connect with professionals working at your target company and establish a common ground to boost your chances of being hired. Many jobseekers communicate with human resources employees beforehand and then send their job applications. In that case, this email template will help you out with that.Subject: Name of Applicant â€" Name of Position, Job Reference NumberDear Mr./Ms. Last Name,  I reached out to you on LinkedIn a few days ago and we had a brief conversation about job opportunities at your c ompany. You said that I could send you a speculative application and your company will interview me and find an appropriate department for me to work in. I am interested in working at Nintendo as a games developer. I firmly believe that I can make a significant impact in your company in whatever role you deem would fit me.  I recently graduated with a degree in Computer Engineering from the Princeton University. I minored in games development and I now want to apply my skills in one of the largest games developer on the planet. As a games developer, I can create innovative and fun designs for your video games.I have attached a cover letter, resume, and certificates for your consideration. Please take a moment to go through them to get a better idea of who I am.I would love to talk to you in person regarding amazing and exciting opportunities at your company. I would be very grateful to hear back from you regarding my application.  Sincerely,Your NameYour AddressYour Phone NumberYou r Email AddressTemplate 7 â€" Applying for an InternshipSo far, we have presented many templates that jobseekers can use if they are applying to a full-time position. But what if you are looking for an internship? Is it the same? No, it is not. There are subtle differences in the email. Fortunately for you, we have a template geared towards those looking to intern at a company.Subject: Name of Applicant â€" Name of Position, Job Reference NumberDear Mr./Ms. Last Name,  I am currently in my final year at the University of British Columbia and I want to intern at your financial institution. I major in finance and I want to establish a career in banking. After reading about your company, I am very interested to work at Citibank, one of the largest investment banks in the world. I want to learn from the best in the industry and give back to the organization.  I am studying BBA â€" majoring in finance and with a minor in management. I now want to apply my skills in a multinational bank l ike Citibank. I can implement the financial concepts I learned in school.I have attached a cover letter, resume, and transcripts for your consideration. Please take a moment to go through them to get a better picture of who I am.I would love to talk to you in more detail about interning at your company. It would give me great pleasure to hear back from you regarding my application.  Sincerely,Your NameYour AddressYour Phone NumberYour Email AddressCONCLUSIONIn this article, we have gone over several tips you should definitely follow to write the most professional and polite email for a job application. Never forget to keep your subject line of your email, as well as the body of your email, brief and focused. It should not be as long as an essay. Your cover letter is there for that.Also, do not repeat what is on your resume; just give the key points and nothing else beyond that. You need to create your very own electronic signature for job application emails and you should only encl ose pertinent documents.Furthermore, you know have a wide variety of templates to follow to help you write your own job application email. We have provided various scenarios that you may be in when looking for a job. You could be a fresh graduate or an experienced professional â€" one of these templates will surely fit your situation and requirement.Now that you know what to include in your email and how to format it, go out there and start sending you job applications. We assure you that hiring managers will love what they are reading.

Essay about The Salem Witch Trials, Hysteria and Religion

Salem Massachusetts became the center of a horrible tragedy, which changed the life of many people. It was a hard time, because of the bad crops and diseases. The people in Salem had to blame someone or something. This people accused innocent people by calling them witches. They were accused by having contact with the devil, hurting people, to pinch people on their bodies and more. These actions were result of hysteria. Maybe those extraneous symptoms were result of an illness or bacteria. On the Bible says â€Å"thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.† This mean that any type of witch or curse will not live, so I think that quote or versus in the Bible want to explain that we need to fight against the devil, those people who are practicing†¦show more content†¦The Doctor in town also said that was witchcraft. There was a new way to convict a person called Spectral evidence. For example, if a girl or boy has a dream and dreamed about someone hurting them, they could use that evidence to accuse that person. There was no way to fight against spectral evidence. If someone was accused, there was no way out, they will be guilty. This made the Salem witch trials so different from any other trials. One of the first people accused were: Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba. Tituba is the first that confessed guilty and the others were saying that they were not guilty. Tituba was send to jail. Sarah Osborne and Sarah Good were hung. One example is that they used this versus: â€Å"A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and time to build up.† This versus is contradictory at what the Bible says, they exaggerate those words, they didn’t think about their actions, they only read the versus and do what the Bible says. But they had to think in consequences; they had study the bible to do the correct thing. By the end of the trials thirty-five women and thirteen men had been accused by their neighbors. The horrible trials started in 1692 and ended in 1693. When the wife of the minister was accused, many people started to have doubts about the witches and trials. The Governor’s wife was accused and then he put an end to the trials. It ended in September 22,Show MoreRelatedHistorical Journalism At The Salem Witch Trials863 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Journalism at the Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials are one of the best known outbreaks of hysteria and fear in American history. This event began when Betty Parris, who was a daughter of Salem’s church’s minister, and Abigail Williams, who was her cousin, experiences several occasions of odd, violent behavior that they blamed on witchcraft. They accused two white women, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne, as well as a slave, Tituba, of practicing witchcraft in the village. The threeRead MoreThe Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1463 Words   |  6 PagesAmong these issues, is the hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials that prosecuted women to be found worshippers of the devil. The Puritans found the necessity to exercise this crusade in order to stay by their moral codes of conformity which included witchcraft to be the greatest crime, punishable by death. However, the true reasons of the trials was not to simply follow their religious constitutions. It is mainly in part from corruption of religion and h ow some had used the trials as a form of personalRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : The Witch Trial Hysteria920 Words   |  4 PagesSalem Witch Trial Hysteria In 1692 the actions of three girls quickly launched Salem onto the path of committing one of the largest witch hunts the New World has ever known. The witch hunt was fueled by a mass hysteria among the townspeople, this hysteria was the result of the strictness of their society and a number of internal and external stressors. The initial wave of panic when rumors of witchcraft arose gave way to compete hysteria when accusations began. Salem massachusetts was the perfectRead MoreThe Main Causes Of The Puritans In The Salem Witch Trials1527 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"You’re a liar! I’m no more a witch than you are a wizard! If you take my life away, God will give you blood to drink!† This testimony is one out of the several given during the Salem Witch Trials which has become known as one of the mass hysterias to ever occur in American history. In 1692, individuals known as Puritans settled among a small village named Salem in what is now known as Massachusetts. The Puritans spent the beginning years of their settlement confronted with epidemics such as famineRead More The mass hysteria between today?s society and the Salem witch hunt551 Words   |  3 Pagesmass hysteria between today’s society and the Salem witch hunt can be compared through Freedom , Religion ,and the killing of innocent victims. Mass hysteria has caused a lot of destruction in society throughout the years. It has b rought about a lot of chaos in both Salem as well as the present society. Mass hysteria has brought out a lot of fear in people in both Salem and present society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Freedom in today’s society is totally different from back when the witch trialsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism782 Words   |  4 Pagespersecution based on race, religion, appearance, etc. has been a regular occurrence. We saw it during the Salem Witch Trials, the Red Scare and more recently, in the situation of the Guantanamo Bay prison. Although the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are differed in the fact that one was based on religion and the other was politically based, both events had striking similarities. In both events, innocent people were accused and mass hysteria was generated through public trials. As I previously mentionedRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Salem Witchcraft Trials1552 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚   The Massachusetts Salem witch craft trials, this was a complicated time in history.   With the conflict of the hangings, Salem didn’t have the best compromise. At a time in history when the government didn’t give Puritans religious rights, the Salem Massachusetts witch craft trials began. This conflict led to trails where the government convicted men and woman of practicing witch craft, thus being hanged. Though this compromise stopped the witchcraft practicing, the government realized those menRead MoreWhat Caused the Salem Witch Trials Hysteria? Essay801 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The salem witch trials hysteria of 1692 was caused by the Puritans strict religious standards and intolerance of anything not accepted with their scripture. The largest account of witch trials as well as deaths by witch trials occurred in Salem, a village heavily populated with the Puritans. Because most of the trials were occurring in Salem, this meant that the accusations were happening among the Puritans themselves, which could very well be anything as long as the Puritans found it as contradictingRead MoreCauses Of The Salem Witch Trials841 Words   |  4 Pages In 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts, hysteria broke out throughout the town in an event that later became known as the Salem Witch Trials. They were the largest account of witch hangings ever in America, as 20 women and men were put to death for being accused of practicing witchcraft. Historians have been debating about how these trials were caused. The frenzy in Salem happened because at first, young girls were afraid of punishment and wanted to avoid it so they blamed older women and accused themRead More Comparing the Salem Witch Trials, European Witchcraft Craze and the McCarthy Hearings1708 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the Salem Witch Trials, European Witchcraft Craze and the McCarthy Hearings The evidence of witchcraft and related works has been around for many centuries. Gradually, though, a mixture a religious, economical, and political reasons instigated different periods of fear and uncertainty among society. Witchcraft was thought of as a connection to the devil that made the victim do evil and strange deeds. (Sutter par. 1) In the sixteenth, seventeenth, and twentieth century, the hysteria over certain

The Legitimacy of Electronic Scholarly Publishing Essay...

The Legitimacy of Electronic Scholarly Publishing At most institutions of higher learning in the United States and worldwide the emphasis is placed on the depth and breadth of the institutions research, at least as far as the institutions reputation and renown are concerned. An institution that does not produce much scholarly research in the form of conference activity or publication activity will not carry the same high regard as an institution which is much more involved in conference participation and publication. Sometimes individual state institutions are regarded as having powerful personas if they have established and maintained their university presses, but other universities do not have the funding nor the†¦show more content†¦As scholarly electronic publishing develops as complement and competition to traditional publishing, the promotion and tenure boards at all universities will have to decide on the weight that electronic publishing will carry in annual evaluations; in essence, are electronic publications as respectable and credible as traditional publications? A number of factors determine the credibility of any publication, ranging from something as superficial as the publication’s imprint to the stability, or ability to be archived, of the publication; however, this proposal will focus on the relevance of the editorial process to the reputability of a scholarly publication, whether a book or a journal. In essence, the question proposed for research is not will electronic publishing have an impact on the scholarly publishing industry, for its impact will be presented as quite inevitable. The question is how can electronic publishing have the same impact as traditional publishing, i. e., if the author publishes an article in an e-journal or and h-journal, will this publication be given the same weight as someone elses article which has been published in a traditional print journal? Background The first task is to define electronic publishing. 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Current Trends in Business Communication Free Essays

Technology advancements over the recent years have made communication possible in different ways. Communication in the business world today can range anywhere from e-mails, personal digital assistants, text messaging, instant messaging, and through the use of web-cams, just to name a few. These different communication tools allow employees to communicate both internally and externally in a timely and more efficient manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Trends in Business Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now The current trends in communication within the healthcare industry make it easier for health care professionals to perform their daily tasks, and provide patients with more quality care. The Role of Business Communication in My Workplace Communication is extremely important in my line of work as a nurse. Without good effective communication skills between the various healthcare professionals involved in a patients care and between the healthcare professionals and the patient, the quality of care would or could be grossly impacted. As a nurse, communication takes place in many different forms, whether it is through notes, e-mail, phone, Internet, software used by the facility, or face-to-face communication. Typical internal day-to-day communication activities in my job include checking my work list on the software application that the healthcare facilities use to communicate between the chains of healthcare facilities within the region. The work list may have orders from the doctor to perform certain tasks such as phoning in a prescription to the pharmacy or updating a medication list for a patient. Another type of internal communication that takes place in my day-to-day activities besides oral communication, software communication, and phone communication, is written communication through the use of text messaging. There are times when the doctor will be out of the office and unable to talk directly to a patient or myself and will instead send text messages to my cell phone. Text messaging is not necessarily a daily occurrence but is used regularly. External day-to-day communication that my job requires me to use may include verbal or oral communication with patients either by the use of phone or face-to-face. It is also common to send written material with the patients or to the patients at their home address. Communication with pharmaceutical representatives via e-mail is also common. There may be questions about medications for example, which are not emergent and completely acceptable to send via e-mail to the representative. Text messaging is not an acceptable means of external communication and is never used. The use of the Internet and software has a huge impact on my ability to perform daily activities in a timely manner. Without the ease of communicating electronically simple activities could take could take much more time to complete. Current software has made it easy to re-order prescriptions for patients by just looking up a patient and renewing past prescriptions and sending them to the specific pharmacy that they use. This makes it not only easier for the doctor and the nurse but also for the pharmacist. Also there are times when it is necessary to get ahold of the doctor who could be in a meeting through the use of text messages. This allows important questions to be answered right away instead waiting until the meeting is over. Trends within the Healthcare Industry. Technology has had a big impact in the healthcare industry. My workplace will be going paperless in September of this year. Doctors are preparing for this by making sure that all patient information listed in patient charts such as medication lists and diagnoses’ are put into the system. All internal communication between different facilities will be done through the use of software or by phone. No patient results will be sent through fax or through mail. According to LexisNexis, â€Å"Obama sees the investment in electronic records as a way to improve quality and lower costs. Different Message Types Resulting From Current Trends According to Articlesbase (n. d. ), â€Å"The different message types that result from these current trends are either personal or impersonal. † The different message types resulting from these current communication trends are in the form of e-mails, text messaging, various software, Internet communicatio n, face-to-face video conferencing, instant messaging, and social networking sites such as Twitter or Facebook. Conclusion The current trends in business communication have been greatly influenced by the advancements in technology. The Internet, cell phones, MP3 players, personal digital assistants, social networking sites, and video conferencing among others, has allowed business communication to take place in many forms and from all over the world with ease. These current trends have made it easier for healthcare professionals to communicate more efficiently internally and externally and allow day-to-day activities to get accomplished more quickly than in the past. References: Articlesbase.  (n.d.).  Business Communication: Business Trends and Message Types.  Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/networking-articles/business-communication-business- -trends-and-message-types-4133734.html ASQ.  (n.d.).  Going Paperless Pays Off for Healthcare Industry .  Retrieved from http://asq.org/qualitynews/qnt/execute/displaySetup?newsID=5661 How to cite Current Trends in Business Communication, Papers

Current Trends in Business Communication Free Essays

Technology advancements over the recent years have made communication possible in different ways. Communication in the business world today can range anywhere from e-mails, personal digital assistants, text messaging, instant messaging, and through the use of web-cams, just to name a few. These different communication tools allow employees to communicate both internally and externally in a timely and more efficient manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Trends in Business Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now The current trends in communication within the healthcare industry make it easier for health care professionals to perform their daily tasks, and provide patients with more quality care. The Role of Business Communication in My Workplace Communication is extremely important in my line of work as a nurse. Without good effective communication skills between the various healthcare professionals involved in a patients care and between the healthcare professionals and the patient, the quality of care would or could be grossly impacted. As a nurse, communication takes place in many different forms, whether it is through notes, e-mail, phone, Internet, software used by the facility, or face-to-face communication. Typical internal day-to-day communication activities in my job include checking my work list on the software application that the healthcare facilities use to communicate between the chains of healthcare facilities within the region. The work list may have orders from the doctor to perform certain tasks such as phoning in a prescription to the pharmacy or updating a medication list for a patient. Another type of internal communication that takes place in my day-to-day activities besides oral communication, software communication, and phone communication, is written communication through the use of text messaging. There are times when the doctor will be out of the office and unable to talk directly to a patient or myself and will instead send text messages to my cell phone. Text messaging is not necessarily a daily occurrence but is used regularly. External day-to-day communication that my job requires me to use may include verbal or oral communication with patients either by the use of phone or face-to-face. It is also common to send written material with the patients or to the patients at their home address. Communication with pharmaceutical representatives via e-mail is also common. There may be questions about medications for example, which are not emergent and completely acceptable to send via e-mail to the representative. Text messaging is not an acceptable means of external communication and is never used. The use of the Internet and software has a huge impact on my ability to perform daily activities in a timely manner. Without the ease of communicating electronically simple activities could take could take much more time to complete. Current software has made it easy to re-order prescriptions for patients by just looking up a patient and renewing past prescriptions and sending them to the specific pharmacy that they use. This makes it not only easier for the doctor and the nurse but also for the pharmacist. Also there are times when it is necessary to get ahold of the doctor who could be in a meeting through the use of text messages. This allows important questions to be answered right away instead waiting until the meeting is over. Trends within the Healthcare Industry. Technology has had a big impact in the healthcare industry. My workplace will be going paperless in September of this year. Doctors are preparing for this by making sure that all patient information listed in patient charts such as medication lists and diagnoses’ are put into the system. All internal communication between different facilities will be done through the use of software or by phone. No patient results will be sent through fax or through mail. According to LexisNexis, â€Å"Obama sees the investment in electronic records as a way to improve quality and lower costs. Different Message Types Resulting From Current Trends According to Articlesbase (n. d. ), â€Å"The different message types that result from these current trends are either personal or impersonal. † The different message types resulting from these current communication trends are in the form of e-mails, text messaging, various software, Internet communicatio n, face-to-face video conferencing, instant messaging, and social networking sites such as Twitter or Facebook. Conclusion The current trends in business communication have been greatly influenced by the advancements in technology. The Internet, cell phones, MP3 players, personal digital assistants, social networking sites, and video conferencing among others, has allowed business communication to take place in many forms and from all over the world with ease. These current trends have made it easier for healthcare professionals to communicate more efficiently internally and externally and allow day-to-day activities to get accomplished more quickly than in the past. References: Articlesbase.  (n.d.).  Business Communication: Business Trends and Message Types.  Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/networking-articles/business-communication-business- -trends-and-message-types-4133734.html ASQ.  (n.d.).  Going Paperless Pays Off for Healthcare Industry .  Retrieved from http://asq.org/qualitynews/qnt/execute/displaySetup?newsID=5661 How to cite Current Trends in Business Communication, Papers

Mental Health for Interpersonal Skills in Interviewing Patient

Question: Discuss about theMental Health for Interpersonal Skills in Interviewing Patient. Answer: Nursing is a profession that heavily relies on the communication with the patient and other health care providers. For a meaningful diagnosis of an illnesses in a patient, excellent interpersonal skills among the nurses is pivotal. According to Bach Grant, (2015), the interaction between a nurse and a patient can only be fruitful when approached carefully to build a rapport and the rest will run smoothly. Communication is the heart of any nurse patient interaction. Information ought to smoothly flow to influence the participation of either parties. The basics of communication incorporates a five component circuit; sender, message, means, recipient and a feedback (Arnold Boggs, 2015). Communication involves the passing of messages from a sender to the recipient using an appropriate means. All the participants must take part for it to be said to have happened. To facilitate communication, I would first create a rapport that would enable us to proceed smoothly. By first asking the patient some questions unrelated to their disease and assuring him of your commitment to his wellbeing. By addressing them by his name, Mr. Barry would feel that I am making an effort to identify myself with him. It helps build some confidence. I would ensure that we communicate in a language that both of us understand or seek the help of an interpreter if need be. Listening is an essential trait in any interaction with a patient (Bramhall, 2014). A good listener allows for time for the other person to put across their input without interruption. A nurse should make use of open ended questions and allow the patient express themselves freely. Listening should be an active process, in the sense that, the person talking should be able see that you are listening to them. In some instances, I would node with agreement and maintain an eye contact. In some instances, take notes where necessary. This will make Mr. Barry see that I am concerned about his condition. This will be a way of encouraging him to give more information about his condition. He needs reassurances that something will be done despite the fact that he already feels he is a wreck Patience cannot be overlooked especially in patients who seem nervous and mentally disturbed. They may tend to make some incomprehensible statements (Blais, 2015). Some may talk so fast. From the case scenario, Mr. Barry has been described as restless and stressed up. He has a lot racing in his mind. An initial attempt to interview him would be to calm him down. It may take some time and that emphasizes the need to be patient with him. Signs and symptoms of mental disorder. They can be broadly classified into emotional and physical signs and symptoms (Barkley, 2014). Emotional signs revolve around the personality and the behavioral disorders. Physical signs are elicited from the body changes that occur as consequence of the mental disturbance. An example is weight loss. Mr. Barry shows signs of anxiety. He was observed to be looking around anxiously and seemed to be more restless than other patients. By this particular behavior one can conclude that he has some concerns that are not necessarily physical illness (Taylor, 2014). He seems to be so much concerned about his family and children. He feels that there are some problems that need to be addressed but feels helpless. His emotional outburst is likely a consequence of being retrenched from the local telephone company. He seems unable to predict the future and uncertain of what may ensue with the current state of affairs. He has worries even for his adult children and feels he cant cope with their problems He presents with some disruptions in the daily routine that he cannot control. His eating and sleeping patterns have been disrupted. His normal routine disruption may result from psychological stresses. An individual is unable to sleep due to anxiety, stress, pain and discomfort. Mr. Barry is stressed of the thing he cannot control. He cannot have proper sleep worrying about his health and money problems. In stressful situation, the brain releases neurotransmitters that are involved in suppressing the sleep and hunger centers in the brain. The consciousness centers are stimulated and there is an increased sympathetic tone. This translate to sleep disruptions and a raised level of consciousness. Physical signs such as an increased blood pressure and a decrease in the body weight per age may also be an indicator especially when accompanying other emotional symptoms (McGee, 2016). Mr. Barry shows presents with an increased heart rate and episodic shortness of breath. These signs show an increased in sympathetic tome and an inhibition of parasympathetic system. He also presents with a decreased weight per age. This may be attributed to the digestive upsets and the increased sympathetic outflow which increases metabolism and breakdown of fats in the body. These signs, though presented physically are an indicator of existing mental health issues. The relationship may be missed if behavioral symptoms are not clearly identified Clinical interventions. Psychosocial therapy will address his emotional, social and mental dimensions in order to address anxiety disorder. This intervention includes a complex interaction between the past events and their interpretation with regards to their effect on the present ones (Ross, 2017). In mental health one may try to convince him that there are still other opportunities to explore in life beyond unemployment. All his problems seem to be centered around the fact that he is jobless and fears that he may not be in a position to support his family effectively. An attempt should be made to make him view the circumstance as just a challenge that will enable him be more constructive in life problems. He still within the working age and can secure a job. It might be an opportunity to think of he can start his own business. He can also be encouraged to create social bonds to help him cope and avert depression that may soon ensue without social help. The anxiety can also be addressed using body mind techniques. Relaxation can be very helpful to help reduce the heartrate to normal. It involves a deliberate effort to concentrate ones energy into addressing the issue that is stressful. Mr. Barry can benefit from a session where he is advised to practice meditation when he feels stressed up. His disturbed sleeping pattern and digestive upsets may be offset medically. These symptoms have occurred secondary to anxiety disorder. Treating the primary cause will solve the secondary presentations (Morey, 2015).Pharmacotherapy is usually a second line approach in dealing with anxiety after other non-medical ones. Anxiolytic agents can be administered by the psychiatrist to alleviate these symptoms. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first line drugs. Mr. Barry may benefit from this approach. TCA may be used as the second line if the SSRI fail to work. Venlafaxine is a Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (Procyshyn, Bezchlibnyk-Butler, Jeffries, 2017). They increase the amount and time which free serotonin is available on its receptor. This leads to downregulation of the receptor. Serotonin regulates the mood and behavior such as appetite and sleep in an individual. this drug is prescribed as a remedy for anxiety. The drugs effect takes some time to set in. therefore the patient should wait for some time to allow for it to take effect and reduce the anxiety. Patient education. For a slow release capsule, Mr. Barry should swallow it whole. He should not try to crash them or chew them. The drug is taken with food. Sometimes, to make it easily consumable, one may opt to open it up and sprinkle it in food in order to take it in small duration intervals (Winner, 2015). This is okay as long as they dont chew it and all the medicine is taken at ago. Nothing should be preserved for later consumption. He should try to consume the drug at approximately the same time to ensure that therapeutic concentrations are maintained throughout. The drug should be stored at room temperature away from heat and moisture. He should continue taking the medicine even though sometimes it may seem as if it is not working. He should allow for some time for its effects to set in. if he feels that it is not working, he should not discontinue unless he is advised so by the doctor. Unpleasant side effects may be observed if the medication is stopped abruptly (Aftab, 2015). Mr. Barry rarely takes alcohol. Under this circumstances, he should not take any alcohol to avoid some side effects associated with its consumption while taking the medication. He should also avoid activities that require him to be alert such a driving. Venlafaxine impairs thinking and reaction. This may pose a threat to his safety if he is involved in dangerous activities. Mr. Barry should be well aware of the side effects that are likely to ensue once he starts taking the medication. He should not be allergic to the drug thus he should be vigilant to catch any signs of allergy. It may result into a swollen tongue, rash, hives and difficulty in breathing. If such signs are noted, one should avoid using these drugs and seek medical attention. He should be aware of probable drug interactions that may be dangerous (Spina, Pisani, de Leon, 2016). In case they want to take NSAIDs, they should consult their doctor on the one they should take. There is an increased antiplatelet effect by using it with these drugs. This poses a great danger if they are injured since they may lose a lot of blood in the process. Other drugs that he should consult before taking are: any other anti-depressants, anticoagulants and drugs to treat migraine According to Lader (2015), common side effects associated with venlafaxine include: changes in vision, dizziness, headaches, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, increased sex drive, sweating and fast heartbeats. He should be aware of these effects for him to be psychologically prepared. If they persist or increase he can always consult a doctor for further assistance. Immediately consult a doctor if seizures occurred. References. Bach, S., Grant, A. (2015).Communication and interpersonal skills in nursing. Learning Matters. Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015).Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Blais, K. (2015).Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. Pearson. Bramhall, E. (2014). Effective communication skills in nursing practice.Nursing Standard (2014+),29(14), 53. Taylor, S. (Ed.). (2014).Anxiety sensitivity: Theory, research, and treatment of the fear of anxiety. Routledge. Barkley, R. A. (Ed.). (2014).Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Publications. McGee, S. (2016).Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ross, C. E. (2017).Social causes of psychological distress. Routledge. Morey, L. C. (2015).Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). John Wiley Sons, Inc. Procyshyn, R. M., Bezchlibnyk-Butler, K. Z., Jeffries, J. J. (Eds.). (2017).Clinical handbook of psychotropic drugs. Hogrefe Publishing. Lader, M. (2015). Generalized anxiety disorder. InEncyclopedia of Psychopharmacology(pp. 699-702). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Spina, E., Pisani, F., de Leon, J. (2016). Clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions of antiepileptic drugs with new antidepressants and new antipsychotics.Pharmacological research,106, 72-86. Winner, J. G. "Paroxetine/venlafaxine."Reactions1533 (2015): 350-10. Aftab, A. (2015). Venlafaxine discontinuation syndrome: prevention and management.Current Psychiatry,14(11), 64.

The Roman Republic

Free Essays on Wallace Stegner

â€Å"We simply need th[e] wild country available to us, even if we never do more than drive to its edge and look in. For it can be a means of reassuring ourselves of our sanity as creatures, a part of the geography of hope (153).† Wallace Stegner makes this statement at the end of â€Å"Coda†, a letter included in his book The Sound of Mountain Water. In this letter Stegner asks David Pesonen, who was working on the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, to work to preserve what wilderness is left in the United States. In publishing the letter in this book, Stegner is arguing not only to Pesonen but to the American people that wilderness is a necessary part not just of the physical American landscape, but the emotional and social landscapes as well. Throughout The Sound of Mountain Water Stegner relates his experiences traveling in the western United States, and in the second part reflects upon the ties of the western writer to history. This paper is mostly concerned with the first part of this book in which Stegner writes directly about his experiences with landscape. The book is a collection of writings that come from many different points in Stegner’s life, and therefore, throughout Part I of the book the reader is able to see the authors views change regarding certain environmental issues pertaining to the west. In the Introduction, Stegner writes, â€Å"†¦I am dismayed to find myself, in ‘The Rediscovery of America’, speaking admiringly of Hoover Dam and Lake Mead. I know better now†¦ But I have not changed the essay, or any of the essays†¦ They represent the way I felt when I wrote them (10).† Because of this, The Sound of Mountain Water reads somewhat like a literary time capsule , capturing Stegner’s views and responses to the landscapes he encounters, from the carefree â€Å"Rediscovery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to the more philosophical and concerned â€Å"Coda†. The main points of this essay will relate the authors views and ... Free Essays on Wallace Stegner Free Essays on Wallace Stegner â€Å"We simply need th[e] wild country available to us, even if we never do more than drive to its edge and look in. For it can be a means of reassuring ourselves of our sanity as creatures, a part of the geography of hope (153).† Wallace Stegner makes this statement at the end of â€Å"Coda†, a letter included in his book The Sound of Mountain Water. In this letter Stegner asks David Pesonen, who was working on the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, to work to preserve what wilderness is left in the United States. In publishing the letter in this book, Stegner is arguing not only to Pesonen but to the American people that wilderness is a necessary part not just of the physical American landscape, but the emotional and social landscapes as well. Throughout The Sound of Mountain Water Stegner relates his experiences traveling in the western United States, and in the second part reflects upon the ties of the western writer to history. This paper is mostly concerned with the first part of this book in which Stegner writes directly about his experiences with landscape. The book is a collection of writings that come from many different points in Stegner’s life, and therefore, throughout Part I of the book the reader is able to see the authors views change regarding certain environmental issues pertaining to the west. In the Introduction, Stegner writes, â€Å"†¦I am dismayed to find myself, in ‘The Rediscovery of America’, speaking admiringly of Hoover Dam and Lake Mead. I know better now†¦ But I have not changed the essay, or any of the essays†¦ They represent the way I felt when I wrote them (10).† Because of this, The Sound of Mountain Water reads somewhat like a literary time capsule , capturing Stegner’s views and responses to the landscapes he encounters, from the carefree â€Å"Rediscovery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to the more philosophical and concerned â€Å"Coda†. The main points of this essay will relate the authors views and ...

Transfer the answer(the red mark character) to the question use Essay - 1

Transfer the answer(the red mark character) to the question use totally different sentence but exactly the same meaning - Essay Example The curve illustrates government, businesses and consumers ability to buy actual Gross Domestic Product. MV=PY (the equation used in determining exchange) indicates the quantity of M (money supply) that is required to support certain units of PY (nominal GDP) for V (certain quantities of money). Expansion monetary principle has the ability to buy extra outputs and the ability to adjust money supply. When LM curve shifts outwards, the increase in demand for the actual GDP is realized at each unit of actual interest rates. c. Suppose government expenditures are increased to stimulate economic activity but no other policy action is taken. Explain why and under what conditions an increase in government expenditures will increase aggregate demand. (20 points) As the government increases its spending, interest rates also rise since initial rise in actual Gross Domestic Product triggers bond sales to compensate for additional output assuming the supply of money is constant. Increase in interest rates is alsso influenced by the government’s move to borrow money to cater for the rise in expenditures. A rise in purchase of bonds increases money’s effective velocity. Expansionary monetary rules only works in a condition where people have held their cash as assets, and when they react to the increased interest rates by cutting on the money held through buying more bonds. 2. Explain why the aggregate supply curve is vertical (in a graph with Price on the vertical axis and real GDP on the horizontal axis) under Classical economic assumptions and positively sloped in Keynesian analysis. (30 points) When workers have fully adjusted to the economic conditions, there is a vertical curve in aggregate supply. Full adjustments to economic situations and response to changes in labor market is possible because the workers have sufficient knowledge of the economic situation. The overall result is wage levels will decrease or increase depending

Linguistics structure and meaning in literary discourse Essay

Linguistics structure and meaning in literary discourse - Essay Example Complicating action and resolution, recognized as 'narrative clauses' by the Labov, are simple past main clauses and their order sums up the order of events in the narrative. The temporal sequence of the original semantic interpretation will be the ultimate result of an alteration in the order of complicating action and resolution. In the novel A Tale of Two Cities, the 'narrative clauses' of complicating action and resolution in the form of simple past main clauses whose order sums up the order of events are at work from the very opening of the narrative. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishnessit was the season of Light, it was the season of Darknesswe had everything before us, we had nothing before us" (Dickens, 3) The order of the various events in the narrative is the result of the order of the 'narrative clauses'. To comprehend these narrative strategies closely, complicating action is concerned with the narrative question 'Then what happened' and resolution with 'What finally happened' Similarly, the narrative function of the former has been that it is the main narrative category which provides the 'what happened' element of the story and the latter summarises the final focal episode of a story. More significantly, the linguistic form of complicating action is "temporally ordered narrative clauses with a verb in the simple past or present" where as that of resolution is "expressed as the last of the narrative clauses that began the complicating action." (A Sociolinguistic Model of Narrative) The linguistic forms of complicating action as well as resolution in the novel are evidently reflected in the sentence constructions of the narrative. According to Labov, the narrative embodies several events which are temporarily and rationally previous to the narrative itself. Therefore, Labov realised the significance of sequence which denotes the chronological ordering in narrative discourse. To relate the literary issues with the linguistic aspects, "the structural organisation of the narrative is governed primarily by principles of chronological sequence." (Klapproth, 96) In the narrative strategy of the novel by Dickens, this structural organisation of the narrative assisted by the principles of chronological sequence is apparent. In the novel A Tale of the Two Cities one finds the best illustration of this structural organisation of the narrative through the principles of temporal sequence. The novel, arranged in three books, illustrates the impact of the principles of temporal sequence on the structural organisation of the narrative. The arrangement of the major events in the novel in three main sections indicates the significance of temporal seque

E4D-Compare Software for Dental Analysis

E4D-Compare Software for Dental Analysis ABSTRACT Aim: The E4D-Compare software is an innovative tool that provides immediate feedback to students’ projects and competencies. It should provide consistent scores even when different scanners are used which may have inherent subtle differences in calibration. This study aimed to evaluate potential discrepancies in evaluation using the E4D Compare software based on four different NEVO scanners in dental anatomy projects. Additionally, correlation between digital and visual scores was evaluated. Methods: Thirty-five projects of maxillary left central incisors were evaluated. Among these, thirty wax-ups were performed by four operators and five consisted of standard dentoform teeth. Five scores were obtained for each project: one from an instructor that visually graded the project and from four different NEVO scanners. A faculty involved in teaching the dental anatomy course blindly scored the thirty-five projects. One operator scanned all projects to four NEVO scanners (D4D Technologies, Richardson, TX, USA). The images were aligned to the gold standard, and tolerance set at 0.3 mm to generate a score. The score reflected percentage match between the project and the gold standard. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in scores among the four NEVO scanners. Paired-sample t-test was used to detect any difference between visual scores and the average scores of the four NEVO scanners. Pearson’s correlation t est was used to assess the relationship between visual and average scores of NEVO scanners. Results: There was no significant difference in scores among four different NEVO scanners (F(3, 102)=2.27, p=0.0852 one-way ANOVA with repeated measures). Moreover, the data provided strong evidence that a significant difference existed between visual and digital scores (p=0.0217; a paired-sample t-test). Mean visual scores were significantly lower than digital scores (72.4 vs. 75.1). Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.85 indicated a strong correlation between visual and digital scores (p Conclusion: The E4D Compare software provides consistent scores even when different scanners are used and correlates well with visual scores. KEYWORDS Computer-assisted learning/computer-assisted simulation (CAL/CAS), Dental anatomy, E4D Compare software CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of innovative digital assessment tools in dental education is promising with the E4D Compare software correlating well with visual scores and providing consistent scores even when different scanners are used SHORT RUNNING TITLE Innovative Digital Assessment Tool INTRODUCTION Dental anatomy is a course given to the first year dental students at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry Dental Clinics (UICOD) with the purpose of providing students with basic knowledge on dental anatomy and dental terminology to serve as a solid foundation for the following courses throughout their school years. It is designed to develop the psychomotor skills necessary to proficiently reproduce tooth contours in wax to be able to apply these skills in their future clinical practice. Students are challenged with four waxing projects during the course. Evaluation of these projects and providing proper feedback for self-assessment to establish life-long learning are still major issues that need to be addressed in the dental anatomy course. Traditionally faculty members involved in the course have used a pre-established checklist (Table 1) to provide ongoing feedback during the course, and also to determine the grade by adding points related to specific criteria. This visua l evaluation is time consuming and limited by grader fatigue, subjectivity, and inconsistency.1 The inconsistency among different faculty members is also the most frequently noted concern from student feedback after the course that may negatively affect students’ learning process and performance.2 Computer assisted learning and grading tools have been introduced recently and have shown great promise in providing not only objectivity to the grading system, but also reducing the workload of faculty.3 A digital device using blue laser technology (Nevo scanner, D4D Technologies, Richardson, TX, USA) offers high scanning image quality at a fast video-rate speed and ease of use. A laptop computer connected to the E4D Design Center provides rapid processing of the scans. Through this new technology, students can generate a high quality 3-D virtual model of their project and receive immediate feedback on discrepancies by comparing it to the gold standard determined by the course director.4 An ideal ratio in a dental classroom setting is to accommodate one scanner for every ten students.3 Therefore multiple scanners are usually used to facilitate proper teaching and learning experience for all students. It is expected that consistent scores will be obtained even when different scanners are used which may have inherent subtle differences in calibration. However, with the recent introduction of this digital technology, there is a lack of information on how accurately different scanners relate to each other, as well as lack of evidence on how well visual scores by faculty correlate to scores generated by the digital assessment technique. This study aimed to explore potential discrepancies in evaluation in dental anatomy projects using the E4D Compare software based on four different NEVO scanners. Additionally, correlation between digital and visual scores was evaluated. The hypotheses tested were that: first, the E4D Compare software will provide consistent grades even wh en different scanners are used, and second, there will be no correlation between visual and digital scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was determined to be a non-human subject research project by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Iowa. Dental Anatomy Wax-Up of Tooth #9: The maxillary left central incisor (#9) was used for the evaluation of this study. Four operators (Junior dental students) independently waxed up a total of thirty projects based on the wax-addition technique described in the UICOD Dental Anatomy Manual. The maximum time allowed for the wax-up was 3 hours, which is also the time allotted to students during their waxing competency in the Dental Anatomy course. Additionally five dentoform teeth of tooth #9 (Kilgore model, Nissin Dental Corp., Tokyo, Japan) were included for evaluation. The original Kilgore typodont tooth also served as the gold standard for evaluation purposes. Five scores were obtained for each project: one from an instructor and four from NEVO scanners 1 to 4 Visual Evaluation of Wax-ups and Typodont Teeth: A faculty member involved in teaching the dental anatomy course was blinded and scored all thirty-five projects based on the check-list of the UICOD Dental Anatomy Course (Table 1). The check-list consisted of three categories including: contact areas, embrasure and line angles; facial and lingual contour; incisal edge and surface finish, adding up to a total of 23 criteria. Based on the addition of correct criteria the final score was converted to a percentage score for evaluation purposes. Scanning and Digital Evaluation: One operator started the set-up of the files and scanned all projects to four NEVO scanners (NEVO 1 to 4, D4D Technologies, Richardson, TX, USA). The images were checked for proper data density and then aligned to the gold standard, with the tolerance level set at 0.3 mm to generate a general score (Figs 1-6). This score reflected the percentage match between the project and the gold standard as calculated by the software. Data Analysis: One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine any significant differences in scores among four NEVO scanners. Paired-sample t-test was conducted to detect any difference between visual grades and the average grades of four NEVO scanners. Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess the relationship between visual grades and average grades of NEVO scanners. All tests utilized a 0.05 level of significance, and statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package SASÂ ® System version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). RESULTS Thirty-five teeth were used for this study. Five scores were obtained from each tooth with five different methods; one from an instructor and four from the NEVO scanners. Table 2 presents a summary of descriptive statistics on scores by the five evaluation methods. (1) Detecting the difference in scores among the four NEVO scanners The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. This analysis revealed no significant difference in scores among the four scanners (p=0.0852). (2) Detecting the difference in scores between visual and NEVO evaluation methods There was a significant difference in scores between visual and NEVO evaluation methods (p=0.0217; a paired-sample t-test). The data revealed that the mean scores from visual evaluation method were significantly lower than those obtained from the NEVO evaluation method (mean score: 72.4 vs. 75.1) (Table 2). Note that the average scores of four scanners (NEVO_AVE) were used for the comparisons. (3) Assessing the correlation between visual and NEVO grading scores Based on both Pearson’s correlation test, the data provided strong evidence that there was a significant correlation between visual and NEVO evaluation scores (p DISCUSSION Digitization through innovative technology has become an integral part of contemporary dental practice. This trend is manifested by the increased use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology that promotes the same day preparation and same day delivery concept. Despite intense initial debate, the adoption of restorations fabricated using this approach has profoundly benefited both clinical dentistry and dental laboratories, and epitomizes one of the earliest successes of digital dentistry.5,6 Given the success of CAD/CAM approaches in the clinical setting, many dental institutions are currently striving to incorporate computer-assisted learning and computer-assisted simulation (CAL/CAS) systems into their curriculum. This is to teach dental students to be abreast with the latest technology and keep them prepared for the dynamic changing environment they may face in their future practice. At the UICOD, active incorporation of new technology has bee n perceived to be of high priority. A Technology Committee has been established to plan for active implementation of digital dentistry into the curriculum to provide appropriate vertical and horizontal integration of these concepts as students progress from freshmen to senior years. As part of the planning process, importance has been placed on accumulating evidence on the validity and benefits of using digital technology in the pre-clinic simulation clinic. The study reported here attempted to address these issues, and was designed to evaluate the validity of using multiple scanners and the correlation between visual evaluation performed by faculty and the evaluation by the digital assessment tool. Based on the results, our first hypothesis was accepted: the E4D Compare software provided consistent scores even when different scanners were used. This reflects that the four NEVO scanners used were properly calibrated and the operator was able to create good data density virtual models that generated consistent scores for each project evaluated. This is relevant to other studies that evaluated the repeatability of digital evaluation with the use of the same scanner at different time points and showed excellent intra class correlation of 0.93 to 0.98.3,4 However, excellent repeatability does not necessarily indicate valid evaluation as good samples from the visual paradigm could consistently be graded as poor samples in the digital paradigm and vice versa. Therefore, the correlation of visual and digital evaluation scores was used to examine this possibility. Based on the results, our second hypothesis was rejected; there was strong correlation between the visual and digital scores . This partly supports the validity of the use of digital technology in assessing students’ projects and suggests that this tool could also be used for official grading in competencies as high grades were consistently graded as high and low grades as low across the two methods. It is important to note that there was a significant difference in scores between visual and NEVO evaluation methods with scores from the visual evaluation being lower than that obtained from the digital evaluation method. Changing the tolerance level and giving more leeway for the digital evaluation method could compensate for this difference. Implementation of digital assessment tools in the dental pre-clinic seems promising. However, there are still many issues to be addressed to justify the financial investment and time needed to introduce this system into the curriculum. A systematic review of the effectiveness of computer-aided, self-instructional programs in dental education has revealed disparate outcomes, with some studies finding no difference between CAL and other learning strategies, and others indicating the opposite thus that CAL provided a significant advantage in terms of knowledge gain.7 This is an important issue that needs to be explored in future studies with regards to the use of digital assessment tools as a self directed learning tool. Will the use of these devices indeed increase the technical performance of students? Furthermore, in order to integrate new technology into the curriculum, institutions need to formulate a strategic plan and find resources for proper faculty training so that instructors involved with teaching this new technology can share a positive enthusiasm, and not perceive this as an additional burden in terms of their efforts and time. Lastly, it is critical that students are encouraged to take responsibility for their own learning.8 As such, students’ perspective in new technology implementation is vital and should be taken into consideration. Therefore, more information on whether students regard this technology helpful in preparing them for their future professional life and contributes significantly to their development remains to be probed. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study it can be concluded that the E4D Compare Software provides consistent grades even when different scanners are used and correlates well with visual scores.

Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Catalase Activity in a Potato

Effect of Temperature ( C ? ) on Enzyme Catalase Activity in potato Aim: To investigate the Effect of temperature (10, 37, 60) Celsius (C ? ) on enzyme catalase activity in potato using 2% of hydrogen peroxide (H202) as the substrate measuring the height (cm) of oxygen gas (bubbles) and calculating the volume of oxygen bubbles produced (cm3) Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions without being affected. They lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction. Enzymes are affected by several factors including PH, Substrate concentration; Temperature & other factors.Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which its activity is the highest, below this optimum temp, the kinetic energy of molecules decrease , therefore the collisions between the active site of the enzyme and substrate decreases , as a result the enzyme activity will decrease , so decreasing the rate of the reaction If the temp. Exceeds the optimum temp. The kinetic energy be tween molecules increase therefore collisions increase leading to the change in the tertiary structure of the enzyme and in this case active site is lost and the enzymes will be denatured so the reaction will slow down &stops.Catalase is an enzyme, found basically in all living cells. It breaks down hydrogen peroxide (waste product) into water and oxygen. 2H? O? 2H2O+O2 As predicted, the enzyme catalase activity would be the highest at 37c ? (Optimum temp. )if increased to 60c ? then the enzyme would be denatured and if decreased to 10c ? (very low temp. ) then the reaction would be slow. Variables: Dependent: Height of oxygen bubbles (cm) using a ruler. Independent: Temperature (10c ? , 37c ? , 60c ? ) using three different water baths each adjusted to a specific temp . Controlled: 1.Number of potato cubes: 3 cubes of potatoes were used in each trial at each different temp. If changed, whether decrease or increase, then the number of enzymes (active site) available would change, th erefore affecting the rate of the reaction. 2. Size of potato cubes with dimensions 1cmx1cmx1. 5cm . This is controlled by cutting all potato cubes with same dimensions using a ruler & a cutter. If changed, then this would affect the rate of enzyme activity, therefore affecting the results. 3. Volume of hydrogen peroxide: 15cm3 of hydrogen peroxide was measured using graduated cylinder for each trial at different temp.If changed then the rate of enzyme activity would change, therefore results won’t be accurate. 4. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide: 2% of hydrogen peroxide was used through all trials this is prepared by adding 20cm3 of H2o2 to 1000cm3 of water. If changed it would affect the rate of enzyme activity since substrate concentration is one of the factors that affect enzyme activity. 5. Volume of liquid detergent: 2drops of liquid detergent were added to each test tube throughout the experiment. If changed, then this will affect the height of oxygen bubbles measure d cm3 therefore the results won’t be accurate. . Time: time was recorded for 2 minutes; if changed this will affect the results. Materials: * 27 cubes of potato each with dimensions 1cmx1cmx1. 5cm. * 15cm3 of 2% hydrogen peroxide for each trial. * 9 test tubes * Water adjusted to (60c ? ,37c ? &10c ? adding ice) * 2drops of liquid detergent in each test tube * Cutter * Ruler * 100cm3 graduated cylinder * Stopwatch * 1000cm3 volumetric flask * 50cm3 beaker Procedure: 1. Use the cutter, and ruler to cut 27 cubes of potato with dimensions 1cmx1cmx1. 5cm 2. Adjust the water bath temp one at 60c ? , the other one at 37c ? amp; last one at 10c ? adding ice. 3. Place 3 potato cubes in each of the three test tubes placed at 10c ?. 4. Leave the test tubes at 10c ? for 10min. 5. Add 2 drops of detergent for each test tube. 6. Measure 15cm3 of 2% hydrogen peroxide for each test tube using graduated cylinder. 7. Add 15cm3 of 2% H2o2 to each test tube, and immediately start the stop watch recording time for 2 min. 8. After 2 min exactly, use the ruler to measure the height of oxygen bubbles (cm). 9. Repeat steps 3 to 8 at a different temp (60c ? ,70c ? ). 10. Record all data in an organized table. Processing and Presenting Data: Table (1): Shows the height of oxygen bubbles produced (cm) at different temp. (C ? ) TemperatureC ?  ± 0. 05| Height of oxygen bubbles produced after 2 minutes (cm)| | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| 10. 00| 2. 00| 6. 00| 2. 00| 37. 00| 3. 00| 4. 50| 1. 50| 60. 00| 3. 00| 2. 00| 2. 00| Table (2): Shows mean height in (cm) for oxygen bubbles  ± 0. 05 and volume of oxygen bubbles (cm3) ±0. 05 at different temp (C ? ) Temperature C ?  ± 0. 05| Mean height (cm) for oxygen bubbles  ± 0. 05| Volume of mean height of oxygen bubbles cm3 0. 05| 10. 0| 3. 33| 16. 34| 37. 00| 4. 86| 23. 84| 60. 00| 2. 06| 10. 11| * Sample calculations 10c ? 1. Mean height of oxygen bubbles in cm. T1+T2+T33= 2+6+23= 3. 33cm 2. Volume of oxygen bubbles cm3 Volume o f cylinder: ? r2xh 3. 14x (1. 25)2Ãâ€"3. 33=16. 34cm3 Discussion: As shown in table (2) as temperature increased from 10c ? to 37c ? , the mean height in cm of oxygen bubbles increased from 3. 33cm to 4. 86cm. Aa temperature increase from 37c ? to 60c ? the mean height cm of oxygen bubbles decreased from 4. 86cm to 2. 06cm. Reffering to the table (2) and graph , as temp. ncreased from 10c ? to 37c ? the volume of oxygen bubbles (cm3) increased from 16. 34cm3 to 23. 84cm3. As temp increased from 37c ? to 60c ? the volume of oxygen bubbles produced (cm3) decreased from 23. 84cm3 to 10. 11cm3. Each enzyme has an optimum temp. at which the rate of enzyme activity is the highest. Above the optimum temp the kinetic energy of molecules increases therefore the collisions between the active site and the substrate increase and as a result the enzyme would lose its 3D structure and active site and the enzyme would be denatured.This is shown in the graph, as the volume of oxygen bubbles cm3 de creased from 23. 84cm3 to 10. 11cm3 at 60c ?. Below the optimum temp the kinetic energy of molecules decreases ,therefore the collisions decrease and the enzyme would slow down and the rate of energy decreases as it’s shown in table (2) the volume of oxygen bubble decrease from 37c ? to 10c ?. According to our results in table (2) and graph, the optimum temp was 37c ? at which rate of enzyme catalase activity was the highest as the highest volume of oxygen bubbles was produced 23. 84cm3.The results obtained matched the hypothesis which stated that 37c ? is the optimum temp for enzyme catalase to break hydrogen peroxide which is a toxic product into water & oxygen. Evaluation & Improvements: 1. Size of potato cubes . Potato cubes were cut into cubes of dimensions 1cmx1cmx1. 5cm using a ruler and a blade which was a source of error since all cubes vary slightly in size which means the concentration of catalase enzyme is different. A potato cutter that cut the potato into equal sizes . 2. Height of oxygen bubbles measured by a ruler. This was inaccurate method.Volume could be measured instead in height using gas Syringe which will give more accurate results 3. Volume of detergent. 2 drops of detergent were measured using a dropper. A pipette can be used which will give more accurate results. Done BY: JIHAN AL-BUKHARI 9A ——————————————– [ 1 ]. [ (Jones, 2009) ] [ 2 ]. â€Å"Introduction to Enzymes. †Ã‚  Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity (). N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. . [ 3 ]. â€Å"Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity. †Ã‚  Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. .