Moral Objectivism The View That What Is Right Or Wrong

A: Introduction to Normative Ethics Moral Objectivism: The view that what is right or wrong doesnt depend on what anyone thinks is right or wrong. That is, the view that the moral facts are like physical facts in that what the facts are does not depend on what anyone thinks they are. Objectivist theories tend to come in two sorts:(1) (i) Duty Based Theories (or Deontological Theories): Theories that claim that what determines whether an act is morally right or wrong is the kind of act it is.(1) 1: Deontological or duty based theories: In a general sense, Deontological theories determine morality of an action by asking about the action itself. Kantianism: In my opinion Immanuel Kant is the quintessential deontological philosopher. Those following Kantianism ask two questions before acting. The first question is, can I rationally will that everyone act as I propose to act? If the answer is no, then it is an immoral act. The second question is, Does my action respect the goals of human beings rather than merely using them for my own purposes? As with the previous question if the answer is no, then it is an immoral act. Lets take lying as an example. (2) (example taken from link) We should do only those actions that conform to rules that we could/will be adopted universally. If we were to lie, we would be following the rule It is permissible to lie. This rule could not be adopted universally, because it would be self-defeating: people would stopShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Meta-Ethics Concepts1136 Words   |  4 Pagescommon objection and disparagement between certain situations and topics. The first meta-ethics concept is Ethical Objectivism. Ethical objectivism is a view where an action is deemed right or wrong without the opinion and thoughts of an individual. The three main branches of ethical objectivism that will be discussed in the following passages are moral universalism, moral realism and moral absolutism. The next meta-ethics concept is ethical subjectivism. Subjectivism states that a claim is dependentRead MorePerspectives On Moral Reasoning And All Of Them920 Words   |  4 Pagesperspectives on moral reasoning and all of them have their positive and negative sides. In the article The Basic Stances of Metaethics the authors define each of the main perspectives on moral reasoning, objectivism, cultural relativi sm, subjective relativism, and emotivism, and they leave the reader with a good understanding of each of them. In this essay I am going to outline the central arguments of each perspective and give positive and negative critiques. Objectivism is the view that some moral principlesRead MoreEssay on Objective Objectivism in The Fountainhead by Ayn Rand1463 Words   |  6 Pages Objectivism is defined as â€Å"an ethical theory that moral good is objectively (based on facts rather than feelings or opinions) real or that moral precepts are objectively valid.† (Webster). Demonstrated by Ayn Rand in the book, The Fountainhead, objectivism seems to most, to be morally wrong, and socially impractical, despite seeming to be a stress-free way of life. In The Fountainhead, Howard Roark does not see relationships as necessary, but as a means to an end. For America to be purely objectivistRead MoreEthics : Discovering Right And Wrong1331 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Price Objectivism Over Relativism In Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong, Pojman states that morality refers to the actions we take either right or wrong. This paper should analyze the favor of moral objectivism and the rejection of ethical relativism. According to Pojman, â€Å"Ethical relativism holds that moral rightness and wrongness of actions varies from society to society or individual to individual.† (p.19) That is, what is considered right in one society, might be considered wrong in anotherRead MoreMoral Relativism And Moral Truth1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthere such a thing as moral truth? What bearing does this have on law?’ Some would say that moral truth is another word for moral objectivism, since if something is true, then it means it’s an unchanging fact, hence it’s objective. Moral objectivism is the view that what is right or wrong is not dependent on individual or societal opinion, but instead is grounded on facts that are external to human society. It’s opposite is moral relativism which states that what is right or wrong varies according toRead MoreCultural Relativism And The Nature Of Truth Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesuniversalism or objectivism and cultural relativism. The idea of cultural relativism is often used to explain the differences in practices and ideologies between cultures. Cultural relativists emphasizes the element of relativity in relation to a person’s values in the sense that the truth is dependent on or a function of a person’s cultural traditions (Brandt, 2006, p. 1). Even expanding above the notion of personal values, cultural relativ ism advocates for relativity in terms of ethics. This view ultimatelyRead MoreAn Intrinsic Value Of Mine1364 Words   |  6 Pagesintrinsically valuable. Name three things that are instrumentally valuable. In my life I consider happiness and kindness intrinsically valuable. For something to be intrinsically valuable it is said that, that something must be â€Å"valuable because they are what they are, without being a means to something else† (Vaughn 6). I find kindness to be an intrinsic value of mine because I believe that being kind to others is something that you should always do and a value that should be universally shared, not becauseRead MoreEthical Ethics And Normative Ethics1078 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a right or obligation? What is good or bad? These two questions are examples of why mete-ethics and normative ethics exist. To be able to create an environmental ethic, one must have a sense of moral conclusion. Whether these morals are categorized through self-interest or obligation, meta ethics and normative ethics try to decipher these notions. To derive a normative ethic, meta-ethics needs to explain the language of morality, and how do humans come to a consensu s of specific actions andRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill : Views On Objectivism Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Stuart Mill: Views on Objectivism John Stuart Mill defends objectivism about intrinsic value within utilitarianism. A theory of intrinsic value indicates what things are valuable for their own sake. Within the Theories of Intrinsic Value, we think of Objectivism and Hedonism. Objectivism is best described as: Certain ways of life are intrinsically valuable, even if they hold less pleasure than others. Some things are valuable regardless of, and independently of, the pleasure they may produceRead MoreThe Objective Basis of Morality Challenged1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe origins of morality and what is defined as good or bad, unethical or moral can easily boggle the mind. It is a topic that can be debated almost endlessly. There are many factors that must be taken into consideration to provide valid philosophies; yet there will still always be debatable elements. Two concepts of morality that are in direct opposition of each other are moral objectivism and moral relativism. Moral relativism can be subjective, in wh ich morals are particular an individuals

Psychological Testing and Assessment of Adolescents

Psychological Testing and Assessment of Adolescents An assessment involves administering and interpreting psychological tests and integrating this with current and past symptoms, observations, information about developmental, biological, social, educational, and life experiences (Kirst-Ashman Hull, 2006). Educational assessments of adolescents are based on obtaining a profile of the child’s learning weaknesses as well as his or her strengths. When an educational assessment is performed on the adolescent, a counselor can determine academic potential, collect observational interview data, and can better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the adolescents. In tests, there are two main classes such as the achievement tests or†¦show more content†¦The WISC is designed to measure human intelligence that is in both verbal and nonverbal performance abilities. The author of the test, David Wechsler, strongly believed that the intelligence has a global quality that reflects the variety measurable skills (Fahmy, A. 2009). WISC can be use as diagnostic purposes and can evaluate children with ADHD and other behavior disorders. Raven’s Progressive matrices are tests that are used as an intelligence test and are often used as a marker for fluid intelligence. There are three forms of progressive matrices such as Coloured Progressive Matrices for children, a standard set for children and a advanced set for higher ability populations such as university students and professional. An example of Raven’s Progressive Matrices is the Non-verbal test - Gesell Developmental Schedules for very young children ( Knobloch Pasamanick, 1974). Before preschool, the assessment tools for infants measure somewhat different components of intellectual ability. An example of an oft-used test is the Gesell Developmental Schedules. This test was first introduced in 1925 and has been revised periodically ( Knobloch Pasamanick, 1974). . The schedules are designed to measure developmental progress of babies and children from 4 weeks to 5 years. These schedules provide a standardized procedure for observing and evalu ating the developmental attainment of children in five areas ( Knobloch Pasamanick, 1974): †¢ Gross motor skills: cruisesShow MoreRelatedAssessment and the Counseling Process1204 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment is a household name in the field of counselling. It has long been considered an important aspect of the counselling process. Assessment and counselling are almost the same. Assessment helps counsellors identify the nature of client’s concerns and also highlights possible treatment (Mnkandla 2000). In addition it helps clients gain insight into their problems and identify alternative solutions. 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Principles of Management Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility

Question: 1.Identification of three stances that People Movements can perceive towards CSR . 2.Identification of stages of moral development of Tim depended upon Provided Iformation. 3.Explanation of the process of encouraging ethical behaviour by the management of People Movements . 4. Discussion of the Ethical Issues that will Affect the Organisational Sustainability. Answer: 1. As People Movement is a famous recruitment company that performs in the competitive market of Auckland NZ, therefore it is the role and responsibility of every manager to maintain an appropriate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the organisation. The first stance People Movement can take to follow CSR with continuation of the given commitment to the employees in order to behave in ethical manner for contributing to the gradual development of economic condition of this company. The second stance includes that this company can enhance the accountability and obligation to the society (Brammer, Jackson Matten, 2012). However, the final stance can be taken by People Movement is to improve the quality of services while recruiting the desired candidates. As People Movement is going through a crisis because of the gradual process of resignation of the managers, therefore, the higher management of this company should follow an appropriate Corporate Social Responsibility. People Movement can protect the self-interest of every team manager of this company; therefore, it would be easy for them to perform in better manner within the organisation. There are constant conflicts among the managers, which force them to resign from the company. Even Tim creates a completely new company with few of his colleagues from People Movement after resigning. There were arguments from some members of the company, as Tim did not approach them to join the new team. This behaviour of Tim is opposite against maintaining the rules of CSR. 2. Tim is the manager of the recruitment team of People Movement; therefore, this individual should have gone through various stages of moral development. During the crisis of the company, Tim fails to perform own role and responsibility and resigns from People Movement in order to start own recruitment firm (Jo Harjoto, 2012). On a meeting with Bronwyn, the chief operating officer of People Movement, there was a decision in between Tim and Bronwyn about the development of software, which may help to increase the economic advantages of the company. The moral development of Tim has been enhanced while performing the assigned responsibilities in People Movement. 3. As People Movement encounters with crisis, therefore, the management of this company should encourage the employees with a proper process of reward giving for ethical behaviour. The management of this company should value every suggestion of the employees during crisis period and incorporate the ethical standards in order to review the performance of every employee. Even the management of People Movement should understand and promote the basic values of every employee such as wisdom, kindness, justice, self-control and integrity. As ethical behaviour of the employee and management can help an organisation to attain the desired goal of the organisation, therefore, it is important for the management of People Movement to concentrate on encouraging the ethical behaviour of employees. According to Kim, Park Wier (2012) the value of maintaining self-control help an employee of an organisation provide adequate motivation for performing tasks in suitable manner. People Movement should provide effective training to the employees in order to teach them about the proper ethical behaviour within an organisation. Even the higher management of the concerned company should implement completely new policies for preventing and reducing unethical behaviour. The top management of People Movement should improve the code of ethics for promoting the basic ethical behaviour among every employee. It also helps them to know in detailed manner about the ethical rules, regulations and expectations of the organisation. As recruiting manager Tim has resigned from the assigned designation, therefore, the management should make other manager of this organisation a role model for the other employees, as they would guide the employees to promote effective ethical behaviour. 4.Tim, the recruitment manager of People Movement has resigned from the company and it is breaching of conduct, which can affect the organisational sustainability. Frisch Huppenbauer (2014) have mentioned that the identity of this organisation fails to distinguish the values, missions and vision. Organisational Sustainability also depends upon the messages, which an organisation provides to its clients and to the market. In this present case study, six managers resigned from People Movement along with Tim, which provides an inaccurate message to its clients and can affect the organisational sustainability. Tim and Bronwyn took decisions about software development without other managers, which also can affect the organisational sustainability of People Movement. References Brammer, S., Jackson, G., Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-Economic Review,10(1), 3-28. Frisch, C., Huppenbauer, M. (2014). New insights into ethical leadership: A qualitative investigation of the experiences of executive ethical leaders.Journal of Business Ethics,123(1), 23-43. Jo, H., Harjoto, M. A. (2012). The causal effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,106(1), 53-72. Kim, Y., Park, M. S., Wier, B. (2012). Is earnings quality associated with corporate social responsibility?.The Accounting Review,87(3), 761-796.

The Great Gatsby Essays (748 words) - The Great Gatsby,

The Great Gatsby Why did Daisy choose Tom in the end In the novel The Great Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan was faced with an enormous decision. She had to choose between Tom; her husband and Jay Gatsby; her lover. Gatsby seemed to be the ideal man of his time. Fabulously wealthy, handsome, charismatic and intriguing, he seemed to be able to offer everything a woman could want. All he wanted in return was Daisy's complete unconditional love. Tom, on the other hand could offer Daisy money, security and freedom. Ultimately Daisy chose the latter. The roaring 20's was an era of total decadence. The first World War had ended and industry was booming. People were becoming millionaires overnight. There seemed to be no end in sight to the prosperity. Although people were becoming rich quickly, old money provided more privilege than new money. Tom Buchanan came from old money. He was a Westerner who was renowned in college for both his football skills and his supremely decadent lifestyle. The narrator states His family were enormously wealthy, even in college his freedom with money was a matter for reproach-but now he'd left Chicago and come East in a fashion that rather took your breath away: for instance, he brought down a string of polo ponies from Lake Forest. Daisy chose to marry Tom because of his wealth and power. Fitzgerald writes There was a wholesome bulkiness about his person and his position and Daisy was flattered. He could offer Daisy prestige in addition to all the old money one could dream of. Gatsby had made his money by illegal means. He was a nobody from nowhere and although he was rich beyond belief, he was one of the hundreds of nouveau riche who lacked the cache of the old money set. Although Gatsby could offer Daisy romance, love, excitement and intrigue, her need for security freedom and money made her eventually choose Tom. In terms of security, Tom could offer much more than Gatsby. Tom's old money could offer Daisy prestige and social position whereas Gatsby's money was quickly and somewhat questionably earned. Everyone including Daisy realized that it could be just as quickly lost. Tom states I found out what your drug-stores were. He and this Wolfshiem bought up a lot of side-street drug-stores here in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter . Tom also said That drug-store business was just small change but you've got something on now that Walter's afraid to tell me about. This proves that Gatsby's money was achieved through corrupt means and his lack of position would leave him vulnerable to prosecution if he were to be caught. On the other hand, Daisy and Tom's elite position in society enabled them to get away with murder. They were able to move away and start anew after hitting Myrtle in the car. Due to the wealth and power of Tom and Daisy, they were able to live with a substantial amount of freedom. They were able to tear apart the lives of people and move on without as much as a backward glance. Nick's judgment of them was They were careless people, Tom and Daisy-they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. Daisy's selection of Tom over Gatsby afforded a somewhat unorthodox freedom. Tom had many mistresses but always returned to Daisy. He said Once in a while I go off and make a fool of myself, but I always come back, and in my heart I love her all the time. Daisy also loved the luxury of having both a husband and a lover but Gatsby would not allow it. He wanted all of her and she could not give that to him. She said Oh, you want too much. I love you now- isn't that enough. Although Gatsby could have offered Daisy a variety of things such as romance, love and excitement, she ultimately chose Tom because of her selfishness. She grew up with old money, security and freedom and was not willing to give it all up for love. I believe that the author chose the name Daisy